Co-Homology of Differential Forms and Feynman Diagrams

In the present review we provide an extensive analysis of the intertwinement between
Feynman integrals and cohomology theories in light of recent developments. Feynman integrals
enter in several perturbative methods for solving non-linear PDE, starting from Quantum Field
Theories and including General Relativity and Condensed Matter Physics. Precision calculations
involve several loop integrals and an onec strategy to address, which is to bring them back in terms
of linear combinations of a complete set of integrals (the master integrals). In this sense Feynman
integrals can be thought as defining a sort of vector space to be decomposed in term of a basis. Such a task may be simpler if the vector space is endowed with a scalar product. Recently, it has been discovered that, if these spaces are interpreted in terms of twisted cohomology, the role of a scalar product is played by intersection products. The present review is meant to provide the mathematical tools, usually familiar to mathematicians but often not in the standard baggage of physicists, such as singular, simplicial and intersection (co)homologies, and hodge structures, that are apt to restate this strategy on precise mathematical grounds. It is intended to be both an introduction for beginners interested in the topic, as well as a general reference providing helpful tools for tackling the several still-open problems.