Psychometric properties of the Client Satisfaction with Device module of the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey (OPUS): A scoping review

Patient's satisfaction with device is an important clinical outcome in prosthetics and orthotics. The Client Satisfaction with Device (CSD) - one of the five modules of the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey (OPUS) - has been defined as the only outcome measure specifically developed to measure user satisfaction with a prosthesis or an orthosis. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the psychometric properties of the CSD, summarizing the present evidence on this measure, and verifying if the scoring system is consistent in the literature. A systematic literature search was conducted utilizing PRISMA guidelines. Articles were searched in PubMed and Scopus databases using search terms relating to the psychometric properties of the CSD. Thirteen articles assessing the psychometric properties of the CSD met the inclusion criteria for this review. The CSD has been translated and validated in several languages. However, these versions are not consistent across the studies since they include different number of items, with different number of response options, and scoring systems. The CSD - where used in its eight-item version, rated with a four-point rating scale - can be judged as a tool with acceptable psychometric properties for assessing satisfaction with devices in prosthesis and orthosis users. This CSD version seems the best one for optimizing coverage and psychometric quality with the fewest number of items. Further studies are warranted to assess the degree of suitability of this scale in specific populations of users of prostheses or orthoses and to analyze its psychometric properties in further cultural contexts.