Sulla struttura di dike. Filosofia della giustizia nella politica di Aristotele

The objective of this article is to investigate the structure of the concept of “justice” (dike) as it is developed by Aristotle. He, abandoning the Platonic perspective (according to which “justice” is an idea), believes that “justice” constitutes the trait d'union of ethics and politics. In his distinction between the spheres of knowledge, ethics and politics are established as two separate domains; however, there is one virtue that, more than the others, has a dual significance, both in an individual and collective sense. For Aristotle, justice represents a particularly effective virtue, since only those who possess it behave virtuously with others and with themselves. He then classifies different forms of justice, including the well-known distinction between distributive and commutative justice. With this now fully rational view of justice, completely emancipated from the narratives of the age of myth, Aristotle shows himself to be both an interpreter in step with his times and a witness to a world that is ending: that of the Greek polis.