Permafrost and related ecosystems (vegetation and soils) are extremely sensitive to Climate Change. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) identified for the permafrost monitoring two Essential Climate Variables (ECV): thermal state of permafrost and active layer thickness (ALT). These two ECV showed in the recent past great changes with an increase of the permafrost temperature higher than the global average and an ALT thickening comparable with the Arctic, triggering important vegetation and soil changes as documented in Victoria Land. We aim to prosecute and improve the monitoring activities providing the longest data series of permafrost and ALT, and one of the longer regarding vegetation in Antarctica, recorded along a network encompassing a latitudinal costal transect extended on more than 500 km between 73◦–77◦S. To achieve these aims the project will use consolidated protocols already used in the previous ≥20 years of monitoring in order to garantee the full comparability of data. Along the existing network we will recover the site of Simpson Crags and implement the other sites to have the complete set up (shallow borehole for ALT and a small automatic weather station (AWS) for the climate) in all the permanent plots (PP) of the vegetation and fully cover all the transect. Considering the high spatial variability that ALT and vegetation can have in these very harsh conditions the project aims to continue and implement their mapping through field and UAV surveys in some selected sites. These spatial monitoring will be used also to improve the calibration of the existing permafrost models and improve the knowledge and understanding of the relationships between climate, active layer thickness and vegetation, In addition the project aims to prosecute the soil monitoring along the same network, which recently showed rapid chemical changes, hypothesized to be triggered by active layer thicknening in response to climate change. A fourth research module aims establish an all year round monitor system in one talik where salty brines were recently found, to contribute understanding their origin and monitor possible changes related to climate change and Human impact.