Surgical approaches, flap design, and instrumentation are described, risks to noble structures in different sectors are reviewed, and operability conditions are defined. Along with specific sutures for each approach, the program includes in-depth study of diagnostic skills, instrumentation, healing patterns, open root planing, periodontal resective surgery, reductive gingivoplasty, gingival reparation, management of gingival pigmentation, mobilization through semilunar flaps, tunnel technique including the V.I.S.T.A. approach, graft harvesting techniques, FGG, harvesting with the bilaminar technique, coronally advanced flap for single and multiple recessions, CAF with graft, two-stage CAF, treatment of white and red clefts, management of complications, PIN and Pink hole technique, papillary reconstruction, pharmacological indications and treatment procedures, GBT and GTR, and lip repositioning (notes).
