Transnasal Endoscopic Transethmoid-Pterygoid-Sphenoid Approach

The transethmoid-pterygoid-sphenoid approach (TEPS) provides surgical access to lateral regions of the anterior and middle cranial base and to the infratemporal fossa. It is an extended application of the endoscopic transethmoid approach and is indicated for all diseases with lateral extension to the course of the internal carotid artery at the base of the skull. This chapter details the surgical steps for a safe and successful TEPS approach to the skull base.