A New Bifurcation in the Universe

The combined system of general relativity with a non-minimally coupled electromagnetic field presents a bifurcation in a cosmic framework. In order to simplify our exposition in this chapter, we limit the proof to the case of an universe driven by a cosmological constant. In the same vein, we show the existence of states such that the resulting combined energy (the sum of the minimally and the non-minimally coupled energy momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field) vanishes in a sort of violation of the action-reaction principle.