BAJ ANDREINA

Andreina Baj, MD, PhD
Nationality Italian
Date of Birth 25/09/1971
ORCID ID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0088-2712
Scopus ID 55982137100
Web of Science ID C-8047-2013

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
2022 Achievement of the National Scientific qualification as associate in the Italian higher education system, in the call 2021/2023 (Ministerial Decree n. 553/2021 and 589/2021) for the disciplinary field of 06/A3 - Microbiology and clinical microbiology.
2006 -present : Assistant Professor (Medical Microbiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
2007-present: Medical Chief Officer at ASST Sette Laghi “Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation”, Varese, Italy, Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology

PUBLICATIONS
Total number of publications in peer-review journals: 91
Total number of citations: Scopus: 2965
H index Scopus: 26

EDUCATION
2006: Ph.D. degree “Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy”, University of Pavia. Experimental thesis: “Activity of antiviral compounds against coxsackievirus B4: effects on acute and persistent infection”
2005: Post-graduate degree at The University School for Advanced Studies, University School for Advanced Studies, Pavia (January 14th, 2005).
2002: Specialization degree “cum laude” in Microbiology and Virology, University of Insubria. Experimental thesis: “In vitro study on HIV cytopathic effect on epithelial cells” (March 4th, 2002)
1998: State examination exam for the exercise of the medical profession and registration with the Order of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Varese (register n. 05525, July 7h 1998)
1997: M.D. degree "cum laude", University Medical School of Pavia. Experimental thesis: “Coxsackievirus B and human kidney cells: induction of differentiated cytopathic effects on glomerular and tubular cells”.

TEACHING ACTIVITY
2005-present: Professor of Microbiology in the courses of Medicine, Dentistry, Dental Hygiene, Nurses; Laboratory Technician; Technician of Cardiocirculatory Physiopathology and Cardiovascular Perfusion, Physiotherapist, University of Insubria;
Professor of Microbiology in the Specialization School of Microbiology and Virology
2015-present: Professor of Microbiology in the Specialization School of Pharmacology, Pathological Anatomy, Hygiene, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Pathology, Pneumology, Microbiology and Virology

CLINICAL ACTIVITY
2006-present: Medical executive, ASST Sette Laghi “Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology
2002-2006: PhD student, ASST Sette Laghi “Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology
1997-2002: Postgraduate student, ASST Sette Laghi “Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology.

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP ABROAD
2010: Clinical research at the Institute of Human Virology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (Prof. Robert Gallo’s lab), with the project “Poliovirus persistence in patients with Post-Polio Syndrome”

MAIN RESEARCH AREAS
• Study of the persistence of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) and its interaction with the immune system, with the aim of elucidating the mechanisms regulating human virome stability and establishing TTV as a functional marker of host immune status. Given the limited understanding of viral persistence—partly due to the lack of suitable experimental models—advanced 3D cellular systems are developed and applied to recapitulate complex tissue microenvironments and diverse immune conditions, including immunosuppression. Integrating advanced cell culture, molecular virology, and experimental immunology approaches, the research focuses on TTV replication and persistence, mechanisms of immunomodulation, and determinants of viral entry. This work supports the development of virome-based diagnostic tools and promotes the use of TTV as a biomarker of immunocompetence across clinical settings, including transplantation, immunosuppressive therapies, and oncology, within a strongly translational framework.
• study of persistent viral infections, with regard to pathogenetic mechanism of persistence and its relationship with tissue damage and the consequent clinical onset. In this field the main research activity was addressed to the to the etiopathogenetic correlation between persistent enteroviral infection and juvenile diabetes and post-polio syndrome.
• study of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in inflammatory intestinal disease; object of the study is the link between microbiota modifications and derangements of enteric neuronal circuitries leading to the development of enteric neuropathies underlying intestinal ischemia and inflammation.
• Development of molecular test for identification and quantification of SARS CoV-2 in different samples
• Identification of SARS-CoV-2 by rapid salivary test: pilot study for a mass screening program, ASST Sette Laghi - Ospedale di Circolo di Varese - S.C. Odontostomatology (non pharmacologic interventional study)
• Identification of SARS CoV-2 in urine samples of COVID-19 patients, ASST Sette Laghi - Ospedale di Circolo di Varese - S.C. Laboratory of Microbiology (non pharmacologic interventional study)
• Identification of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by ELISA e Lateral Flow Assay in contextual saliva and serum samples, ASST Sette Laghi - Ospedale di Circolo di Varese - S.C. Odontostomatologia (non pharmacologic interventional study)

RESEARCH GRANTS
2023: Agreement with lBSA Institut Biochimique SA (Switzerland): development of a molecular test to identify polyomaviruses
2022: Fondazione Regionale della Ricerca Biomedica, Regione Lombardia Identification of Novel molecules Supporting the Impact of β-lactams against clinically-relevant Gram-Negative multidrug resistant Organisms. Scientific supervisor of the ASST Settelaghi.
2020: Agreement with lBSA Institut Biochimique SA (Switzerland): development of a molecular test to identify SARS CoV-2.
2019-2020: Scientific supervisor of the University of Insubria scholarship “Correlation between HuC/D modifications and BDNF and TrKB levesl in enteric nervous system of adolescent mouse after dysbiosis induced by antibiotic chronic treatment”
2019: PRIN 2017. Host-breast tumour microenvironment: study of key molecules secreted by stromal and tumour cells and their role on the modification of extracellular matrix, with special attention on hyaluronan, and on the enhancement of breast cancer progression.
2019: Banca del Monte Foundation: project “Study of physiopatological mechanisms underlying functional diseases of gastroenteric system”
2015 – present: Research project supported by FAR (Fondi di Ricerca di Ateneo), University of Insubria
2013-2014: Pathogenetic role of enteroviruses in type 1 diabetes" (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation,JRDF, New York)
2011-2013: Etiology of late consequences of polio" (Regione Lombardia)
2011-2012: Viral pathogenesis of the post-polio syndrome" (Fondazione Comunitaria del Varesotto ONLUS)
2008-2011: PRIN 2007. "Molecular analysis of farmacoresistance determinants.
2010-2012: Enteroviruses as triggering factors of type 1 diabetes and associated autoimmune thyroid disorders in children" (Fondazione Cariplo)
2008-2010: Persisting noninfectious fragments of poliovirus in PPS patients" (Post-Polio Health International)

MAIN COLLABORATION AND RESEARCH PROJECTS
2024-present: Collaboration with the Organ Transplant Research and Development Center on donor-derived neoplasms.
2025-present: Scientific supervisor of PhD student in Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria. Project: “3D Cellular Models for Studying Torquetenovirus Persistence in Complex Immunological Microenvironments”.
2022-2023: Scientific director of the departmental research grant "Epidemiology and virological characteristics of SARS CoV-2 infection in the province of Varese
2022-present: Scientific supervisor of PhD student in Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria. Project: “Role of bacteriophage and commensal bacteria cross-talk in a murine model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease”.
2021-present: Scientific supervisor of PhD student in Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria. Project: “The measure of total species-specific Torque Teno Virus (TTV) Viremia as a predictive marker of immune system function”
2020: National project (Società per Azioni Esercizi Aeroportuali- SEA): "Memorandum of understanding scientific study on screening COVID-19"
2020: Scientific supervisor of COVID-19 project at University of Insubria: “Rapid Salivary Test suitable for a mass screening program to detect SARS-CoV-2: A diagnostic accuracy study
2020 -present: Collaboration with Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria and Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese: Prof. Claudio Azzolini (Ophtalmology),Prof Daniela Negrini and Prof Andrea Moriondo (Physiology), Dr. Viviana Orlandi (Microbiology), Prof. Paolo Grossi e Dr.ssa Daniela Dalla Gasperina (Infectious Diseases), Prof. Giulio Carcano (Surgery), Prof. Fausto Sessa and Dr.ssa Anna Maria Chiaravalli, (Pathological Anatomy), Prof. Angelo Tagliabue and Dr.Lorenzo Azzi (Dentistry), Prof Davide Vigetti and prof. Alberto Passi (Biochemistry), Dr.ssa Cristina Giaroni (Pharmacology)
2020-2024: Collaboration with Dott. Gustavo Di Lallo (Microbiology, Tor Vergata University, Rome)
2017 -present: Collaboration with Dott.ssa Maria Cecilia Giron (Pharmacology, University of Padua)
2011 -2015: Collaboration with the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD), Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), University of Florida
2011-2014: Collaboration with Dr. Oscar Diaz-Horta, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine
2010-2015: Collaboration with Dr.ssa Jean Carr, Institute of Human Virology (IHV), University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore.
2006-2009: Collaboration with Prof. Salvatore Monaco, Neurology, Policlinico G.B. Rossi di Verona Borgo Roma
2006-2009: Collaboration with Prof. Gianluigi Zanusso, University of Verona, Department of Neuroscience
2003-2008: Collaboration with Prof. Takashi Onodera, University of Tokyo
1999-2002: Collaboration with Prof. Giovanni Camussi (renal immunopathology), Turin University

RESEARCH AWARDS
2020: "TRPV4 channels dominant role in the temperature modulation of intrinsic contractility and lymph flow of rat diaphragmatic lymphatics": selected by The American Physiological Society for a collection from the APS that showcases some of the best recently published articles in physiological research.
2008: Post-Polio Health International Award-2008 (St. Louis, MO): "Persisting noninfectious fragments of poliovirus in PPS patients"
PATENT
2020: Fasano, Mauro; Alberio, Tiziana; Azzi, Lorenzo; Baj, Andreina; Lualdi, Marta
Rapid assay for in vitro diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a biological fluid Dep. N 102020000006400

PARTICIPATION TO ACADEMIC BOARDS
2025 to present: President of the Joint Faculty–Student Committee (CPDS) of the School of Medicine, University of Insubria
2024 to present: Member of the sicentific committee of the ResearchCenter for the Study and Development of Organ Transplantation, University of Insubria
2023 to present: Director of School of Specialization in Microbiology and Virology, University of Insubria.
2023 to present: Member of the Committee for Internal Quality Assurance of Research and Third Mission (AiQuaR) Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria
2023 to present: Appointment as a member of the Triennial Commissions for the definition of the criteria for the distribution of the FAR University Research Fund, University of Insubria
2023-2025: Member of The Commission for Internal Quality Assurance (AiQua) - Single-Cycle Master's Degree Course in Medicine and Surgery
2020-2025: Member of The Commission for Internal Quality Assurance (AiQua) - three-year CdS in Dental Hygiene
2021 to present: Member of the Teaching Board of the PhD in Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria
2019-2021: Responsible of School of Specialization in Microbiology and Virology, University of Insubria.
2013-2016: Member of the Teaching Board of the PhD in Experimental and Translational Medicine, University of Insubria
2006 to present: Professor of Microbiology in the Specialization School of Pharmacology, pathological anatomy, Hygiene, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Pathology, Pneumology
2006 to present: Member of the degree board in Medicine and Surgery course

EDITORIAL ACTIVITY
2023: Review editor: Frontiers in Immunology - Vaccines and Molecular Therapeutics
2023: Review editor: Frontiers in Immunology- Viral immunology
2020: Contribution by invitation: volume 176 “The Microbiome”, Elsevier Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
2020 to present: Guest Associate Editor: Cells- Gut microbiota- derived metabolites and host gut-brain communication
2020 to present: Guest Associate Editor: Frontiers in Endocrinology- Gut endocrinology
2021 to present: Associate Editor for Virology Journal, Clinical Virology section and Emerging Viruses section
2019 to present: Referee for international journals: Emerging Infectious Diseases, Scientific Reports, Vaccines, Pediatric Diabetes, Cells, Plos One, Future Virology, Virology Journal, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Biology Letters, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Emerging Microbes and Infections, Journal of Medical Virology
2020: Murray-Medical Microbiology-9 ed. Curatorship: Microscopy and in vitro culture, Molecular Diagnosis, Pseudomonas and related bacteria, Serologic diagnosis
2017: Murray-Medical Microbiology-8 ed. Curatorship: Microscopy and in vitro culture, Molecular Diagnosis, Pseudomonas and related bacteria, Serologic diagnosis
2013: Antonio Toniolo, Alessandro Salvatoni, Giovanni Federico, Giuseppe Maccari, Oscar Díaz-Horta, and Andreina Baj. Enteroviruses in Blood. In: K.W. Taylor, H. Hyoty, A. Toniolo, A.J. Zuckerman (eds.), Diabetes and Viruses, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4051-2_15, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
2007: Toniolo A, Baj A. Classificazione dei Batteri. In: Antonelli G, Clementi M, Poggi G, Rossolini G. Principi di Microbiologia Medica. p. 1-12, MILANO: Ambrosiana, ISBN: 9788808180735

PUBLICATIONS
Publications in peer-reviewed scientific international journals: 91
National and international meetings: 70 (oral communications and posters)
H-index: 26, citations 2972 (Scopus, April 27th, 2026)


1. Bosi A., Banfi D., Capó J.D., Ponti A., Faggin S., Moro E., Caputi V., Bresesti I., Crema F., Giron M.C., Agosti M., Salvatore S., Baj A., Giaroni C. Sex-dependent alteration of the enteric neuromuscular function after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in juvenile mice and effect of Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (2025) Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 189, art. no. 118263
2. Vigezzi A., Brani P., Dalla Gasperina D., Azzi L., Giaroni C., Inversini D., Pettinato G., Massaad M., Carcano G., Ietto G., Baj A. Preclinical approaches in regenerative medicine for treating end-stage renal disease: a scoping review (2025) Frontiers in Endocrinology, 16, art. no. 1549744
3. Cianci R., Caldarelli M., Brani P., Bosi A., Ponti A., Giaroni C., Baj A. Cytokines Meet Phages: A Revolutionary Pathway to Modulating Immunity and Microbial Balance (2025) Biomedicines, 13 (5), art. no. 1202
4. Cianci R., Caldarelli M., Brani P., Bosi A., Ponti A., Giaroni C., Baj A. Role of the Virome in Vaccine-Induced Immunization (2025) Vaccines, 13 (9), art. no. 895
5. Bosi A., Baranzini N., Ponti A., Moretto P., Moro E., Crema F., Cianci R., Karousou E., Viola M., Passi A., Vigetti D., Baj A., Grimaldi A., Severgnini P., Giaroni C. Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Influences Hyaluronan Homeostasis in the Rat Brain (2025) International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26 (20), art. no. 10064
6. Brani P., Manzoor H.Z., Spezia P.G., Vigezzi A., Ietto G., Dalla Gasperina D., Minosse C., Bosi A., Giaroni C., Carcano G., Maggi F., Baj A. Torque Teno Virus: Lights and Shades (2025) Viruses, 17 (3), art. no. 334
7. Dal Lago S., Brani P., Ietto G., Dalla Gasperina D., Gianfagna F., Giaroni C., Bosi A., Drago Ferrante F., Genoni A., Manzoor H.Z., Ambrosini A., De Cicco M., Quartarone C.D., Khemara S., Carcano G., Maggi F., Baj A. Torque Teno Virus: A Promising Biomarker in Kidney Transplant Recipients (2024) International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25 (14), art. no. 7744
8. Eberhart T, Stanley FU, Ricci L, Chirico T, Ferrarese R, Sisti S, Scagliola A, Baj A, Badurek S, Sommer A, Culp-Hill R, Dzieciatkowska M, Shokry E, Sumpton D, D'Alessandro A, Clementi N, Mancini N, Cardaci S. ACOD1 deficiency offers protection in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity by maintaining a healthy gut microbiota. Cell Death Dis. 2024 Feb 1;15(2):105.
9. Azzolini C, Premi E, Donati S, Falco A, Torreggiani A, Sicurello F, Baj A, Azzi L, Orro A, Porta G, Azzolini G, Sorrentino M, Melillo P, Testa F, Simonelli F, Giardina G, Paolucci U. Ten Years of Experience With a Telemedicine Platform Dedicated to Health Care Personnel: Implementation Report. JMIR Med Inform. 2024 Jan 26
10. Biagini D, Oliveri P, Baj A, Gasperina DD, Ferrante FD, Lomonaco T, Ghimenti S, Lenzi A, Bonini A, Vivaldi F, Oger C, Galano JM, Balas L, Durand T, Maggi F, Di Francesco F. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the plasma oxylipins and PUFAs of COVID-19 patients. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2023 Dec;169:106770
11. Piralla, A., Mojoli, F., Pellegrinelli, L., (…),Baj, A., Baldanti, F., Pariani, E. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants in patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission for COVID-19, Northern Italy, December 2021 to January 2022. Respiratory Medicine and Research, 2023, 83.
12. Morreale, Chiara, Giaroni, Cristina, Baj, Andreina, Folgori, Laura, Barcellini, Lucia, Dhami, Amraj, Agosti, Massimo, Bresesti, Ilia. Effects of Perinatal Antibiotic Exposure and Neonatal Gut Microbiota. Antibiotics Volume 12, Issue 2February 2023 Article number 258
13. Focosi, Daniele; Baj, Andreina; Azzi, Lorenzo; Novazzi Federica; Maggi, Fabrizio. TTV viral load as a predictor of antibody response to SARS COV-2 vaccination. Journal of Heart and Lung TransplantationVolume 42, Issue 2, Pages 143 – 144. February 2023
14. Novazzi, Federica; Giombini, Emanuela; Rueca, Martina; Baj, Andreina; Fabeni, Lavinia; Genoni, Angelo; Ferrante, Francesca Drago, Gramigna, Giulia; Gruber, Cesare Ernesto Maria; Boutahar, Sara; Minosse, Claudia;
Butera, Ornella. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 positive passengers on flights from China to Italy, December 2022. Euro surveillance, Volume 28, Issue 21 January 2023
15. Gianfagna F, Veronesi G, Baj A, Dalla Gasperina D, Siclari S, Drago Ferrante F, Maggi F, Iacoviello L, Ferrario MM. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and kinetics of vaccine response: potential role for unresolved inflammation following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Scientific reports 2022 12(1): 1-9.
16. Stincarelli, M.A., Baj, A., Guidotti, B., Spezia, P.G., Novazzi, F., Lucenteforte, E., Tillati, S., Focosi, D., Maggi, F., Giannecchini, S. Plasma Torquetenovirus (TTV) microRNAs and severity of COVID-19. Virology Journal 2022, 19 (1), art. 79 .
17. Spezia P.G., Baj A., Drago Ferrante F., Boutahar S., Azzi L., Genoni A., Dalla Gasperina D., Novazzi F., Dentali F., Focosi D., Maggi F. Detection of Torquetenovirus and Redondovirus DNA in Saliva Samples from SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Subjects (2022) Viruses, 14 (11)
18. Focosi D., Novazzi F., Baj A., Maggi F. Monkeypox: An international epidemic (2022) Reviews in Medical Virology 32 (6), art. no. e2392
19. Giron M.C., Baj A., Giaroni C. Editorial: Neuroendocrine signalling pathways along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in functional gut disorders (2022) Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, art. no. 996382
20. Salvini M., Damonte C., Mortara L., Maggi F., Bruno A., Pellegrini G., Mora B., Brociner M., Ingrassia A., Mattarucchi R., Bianchi B., Sirocchi D., Agnoli S., Rumi E., Merli M., Fossati A., Bassi S., Bombelli R., Gallazzi M., Borsani O., Baj A., Franchi M., Grossi P.A., Passamonti F. Immunogenicity and clinical efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with hematological malignancies: Results of a prospective cohort study of 365 patients. (2022) American Journal of Hematology, 97 (8), pp. E321 - E324
21. Bosi A, Banfi D, Bistoletti M, Catizzone LM, Chiaravalli AM, Moretto P, Moro E, Karousou E, Viola M, Giron MC, Crema F, Rossetti C, Binelli G, Passi A, Vigetti D, Giaroni C, Baj A. Hyaluronan Regulates Neuronal and Immune Function in the Rat Small Intestine and Colonic Microbiota after Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury. Cells. 2022 Oct 25;11(21):33
22. Focosi, D., Novazzi, F., Baj, A., Ferrante, F.D., Boutahar, S., Genoni, A.P., Gasperina, D.D., Maggi, F. Sotrovimab-emergent resistance in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: A series of three cases. Journal of Clinical Virology Plus 2022, 2 (3), art. no. 100097.
23. Tanda ML, Ippolito S, Gallo D, Baj A, Novazzi F, Genoni A, Annoni M, Mancini N, Clementi N, Finzi G, Piantanida E, Premoli P, Lai A, Dalla Gasperina D, Maggi F, Uccella S. SARS-CoV-2 detection in primary thyroid sarcoma: coincidence or interaction? 2022, Journal of endocrinological investigation.
24. Novazzi, F., Focosi, D., Baj, A., Ambrosini, A., Boutahar, S., Maggi, F. SARS-CoV-2 recombinant XN, Italy. Journal of Clinical Virology Plus 2022, 2 (3), art. no. 100084.
25. Baj, A., Gasperina, D.D., Focosi, D., Forlani, G., Ferrante, F.D., Novazzi, F., Azzi, L., Maggi, F. Safety and immunogenicity of synchronous COVID19 and influenza vaccination. Journal of Clinical Virology Plus 2022, 2 (3), art. no. 100082.
26. Morreale, C., Bresesti, I., Bosi, A., Baj, A., Giaroni, C., Agosti, M., Salvatore, S. Microbiota and Pain: Save Your Gut Feeling. Cells 2022, 11 (6), art. no. 971.
27. Novazzi, F., Baj, A., Pasciuta, R., Genoni, A., Drago Ferrante, F., Tripiciano, R., Catanoso, G., Focosi, D., Maggi, F. A CLUSTER OF SARS‐COV‐2 DELTA VARIANT OF CONCERN ADDITIONALLY HARBORING F490S, NORTHERN LOMBARDY, ITALY. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2022,116, pp. 271-272.
28. Bresesti, I., Salvatore, S., Valetti, G., Baj, A., Giaroni, C., Agosti, M. The Microbiota-Gut Axis in Premature Infants: Physio-Pathological Implications. Cells 2022, 11 (3), art. no. 379.
29. Novazzi, F., Baj, A., Genoni, A., Focosi, D., Maggi, F. Expansion of L452R-Positive SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant, Northern Lombardy, Italy. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2022, 28 (6), pp. 1301-1302.
30. Ietto, G., Mortara, L., Gasperina, D.D., Iovino, D., Azzi, L., Baj, A., Ageno, W., Genoni, A.P., Acquati, F., Gallazzi, M., Spina, G., Coco, G., Pierin, F., Noonan, D., Vigezzi, A., Monti, E., Iori, V., Masci, F., Franchi, C., Di Saverio, S., Carcano, G. Immune-Mediated Mechanisms in Patients Testing Positive for SARS-CoV-2: Protocol for a Multianalysis Study. JMIR Research Protocols 2022, 11 (1), art. no. e29892.
31. Bosi A, Banfi D, Bistoletti M, Moretto P, Moro E, Crema F, Maggi F, Karousou E, Viola M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Giaroni C, Baj A. Hyaluronan: A Neuroimmune Modulator in the Microbiota-Gut Axis. 2021. Cells 2022, 11(1), 126
32. Azzi L, Dalla Gasperina D, Veronesi G, Shallak M, Ietto G, Iovino D, Baj A, Gianfagna F, Maurino V, Focosi D, Maggi F. Mucosal immune response in BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine recipients. EBioMedicine. 2022 Jan 1;75:103788.
33. Baj A, Zago C, Tamborini A, Colombo A, Cassani G, Rossi A, Pasciuta R, Novazzi F, Prestia M, Capuano R, Genoni A, Azzi L, Dalla Gasperina D, Spezia PG, Focosi D, Maggi F (2021). Performance Assessment of the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Assay On Nasopharyngeal Swabs. The new Microbiologica, 44(4).
34. Pariani E, Pasciuta R, Novazzi F, Baj A, Galli C, Pellegrinelli L, Bubba L, Cereda D, Puzelli S, Focosi D, Agosti M. How multiplex testing approach to respiratory viruses detection can enhance influenza surveillance. Journal of Clinical Virology Plus. 2021 Dec 1;1(4):100050.
35. Baj A, Novazzi F, Pasciuta R, Genoni A, Ferrante FD, Valli M, Partenope M, Tripiciano R, Ciserchia A, Catanoso G, Focosi D, Maggi F. Breakthrough Infections of E484K-Harboring SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant, Lombardy, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Dec;27(12):3180-3182.
36. Novazzi F, Taborelli S, Baj A, Focosi D, Maggi F. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections in Health Care Workers Identified Through Routine Universal Surveillance Testing. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Oct 19:M21-3486
37. Baj A, Novazzi F, Ferrante FD, Genoni A, Tettamanzi E, Catanoso G, Gasperina DD, Dentali F, Focosi D, Maggi F. Spike protein evolution in the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant of Concern: a case series from Northern Lombardy. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2021 Oct 15:1-10.
38. Lai, A., Bergna, A., Menzo, S., Zehender, G., Caucci, S., Ghisetti, V., Rizzo, F., Maggi, F., Cerutti, F., Giurato, G., Weisz, A., Turchi, C., Bruzzone, B., Ceccherini Silberstein, F., Clementi, N., Callegaro, A., Sagradi, F., Francisci, D., Venanzi Rullo, E., Vicenti, I., Clementi, M., Galli, M., Balotta, C., Gori, M., Bagnarelli, P., Baj, A., Novazzi, F., Orsi, A., Caligiuri, P., Boccotti, S., Bellocchi, M.C., Sarmati, L., Andreoni, M., Mancini, N., Criscuolo, E., Gallitelli, R., Testa, S., Dragoni, F., Zazzi, M. Circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in Italy, October 2020–March 2021. Virology Journal (2021) 18 (1), art. no. 168.
39. Baj, A., Novazzi, F., Ferrante, F.D., Genoni, A., Cassani, G., Prestia, M., Colombo, A., Capuano, R., Zago, C., Pasciuta, R., Tamborini, A., Rossi, A., Tettamanzi, E., Catanoso, G., Focosi, D., Maffioli, L., Maggi, F. Introduction of SARS-COV-2 C.37 (WHO VOI lambda) from Peru to Italy.(2021) Journal of Medical Virology, 93 (12), pp. 6460-6461.
40. Focosi, D., Novazzi, F., Genoni, A., Dentali, F., Gasperina, D.D., Baj, A., Maggi, F. Emergence of sars-cov-2 spike protein escape mutation q493r after treatment for covid-19(2021) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27 (10), pp. 2728-2731.
41. Novazzi, F., Baj, A., Genoni, A., Spezia, P.G., Colombo, A., Cassani, G., Zago, C., Pasciuta, R., Della Gasperina, D., Ageno, W., Severgnini, P., Dentali, F., Focosi, D., Maggi, F. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 reinfection after previous COVID-19 in two immunocompetent Italian patients (2021) Journal of Medical Virology, 93 (9), pp. 5648-5649.
42. Azzolini, C., Donati, S., Premi, E., Baj, A., Siracusa, C., Genoni, A., Grossi, P.A., Azzi, L., Sessa, F., Dentali, F., Severgnini, P., Minoja, G., Cabrini, L., Chiaravalli, M., Veronesi, G., Carcano, G., Maffioli, L.S., Tagliabue, A. SARS-CoV-2 on Ocular Surfaces in a Cohort of Patients with COVID-19 from the Lombardy Region, Italy(2021) JAMA Ophthalmology, 139 (9), pp. 956-963.
43. Castelli, M., Baj, A., Criscuolo, E., Ferrarese, R., Diotti, R.A., Sampaolo, M., Novazzi, F., Dalla Gasperina, D., Focosi, D., Ferrari, D., Locatelli, M., Clementi, M., Clementi, N., Maggi, F., Mancini, N. Characterization of a lineage c.36 sars-cov-2 isolate with reduced susceptibility to neutralization circulating in lombardy, italy(2021) Viruses, 13 (8), art. no. 1514.
44. Focosi, D., Tuccori, M., Baj, A., Maggi, F. Sars-cov-2 variants: A synopsis of in vitro efficacy data of convalescent plasma, currently marketed vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies (2021) Viruses, 13 (7), art. no. 1211.
45. Azzi, L., Focosi, D., Dentali, F., Baj, A., Maggi, F. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG responses in convalescent versus naïve BNT162b2 vaccine recipients(2021)Vaccine, 39 (18), pp. 2489-2490.
46. Focosi, D., Genoni, A., Lucenteforte, E., Tillati, S., Tamborini, A., Spezia, P.G., Azzi, L., Baj, A., Maggi, F. Previous humoral immunity to the endemic seasonal alphacoronaviruses NL63 and 229E is associated with worse clinical outcome in COVID-19 and suggests original antigenic sin (2021) Life, 11 (4), art. no. 298.
47. Maggi, F., Novazzi, F., Genoni, A., Baj, A., Spezia, P.G., Focosi, D., Zago, C., Colombo, A., Cassani, G., Pasciuta, R., Tamborini, A., Rossi, A., Prestia, M., Capuano, R., Azzi, L., Donadini, A., Catanoso, G., Grossi, P.A., Maffioli, L., Bonelli, G. Imported SARS-CoV-2 variant P.1 in traveler returning from Brazil to Italy(2021) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27 (4), pp. 1249-1251. Cited 20 times.
48. Azzi, L., Carcano, G., Dalla Gasperina, D., Sessa, F., Maurino, V., Baj, A. Two cases of COVID-19 with positive salivary and negative pharyngeal or respiratory swabs at hospital discharge: A rising concern (2021) Oral Diseases, 27 (S3), pp. 707-709.
49. Banfi, D., Moro, E., Bosi, A., Bistoletti, M., Cerantola, S., Crema, F., Maggi, F., Giron, M.C., Giaroni, C., Baj, A.Impact of microbial metabolites on microbiota–gut–brain axis in inflammatory bowel disease(2021) International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22 (4), art. no. 1623, pp. 1-42.
50. Azzi, L., Maurino, V., Baj, A., Dani, M., d’Aiuto, A., Fasano, M., Lualdi, M., Sessa, F., Alberio, T. Diagnostic Salivary Tests for SARS-CoV-2(2021) Journal of Dental Research, 100 (2), pp. 115-123.
51. Salvini, M., Maggi, F., Damonte, C., Mortara, L., Bruno, A., Mora, B., Brociner, M., Mattarucchi, R., Ingrassia, A., Sirocchi, D., Bianchi, B., Agnoli, S., Gallazzi, M., Merli, M., Ferrario, A., Bombelli, R., Barraco, D., Baj, A., Bertù, L., Grossi, P.A., Passamonti, F. Immunogenicity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Comirnaty vaccine in patients with lymphomas and myeloma who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation(2021) Bone Marrow Transplantation, .
52. Baj, A., Novazzi, F., Genoni, A., Ferrante, F.D., Taborelli, S., Pini, B., Partenope, M., Valli, M., Gasperina, D.D., Capuano, R., Prestia, M., Spezia, P.G., Azzi, L., Focosi, D., Maggi, F. Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections after full schedule BNT162b2 vaccination in seropositive healthcare workers: a case series from a single institution(2021) Emerging Microbes and Infections, 10 (1), pp. 1254-1256.
53. Focosi, D., Baj, A., Maggi, F. Is a single COVID-19 vaccine dose enough in convalescents? (2021) Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 17 (9), pp. 2959-2961.
54. Ietto, G., Baj, A., Parise, C., Zani, E., Iovino, D., Carcano, G., Dalla Gasperina, D. Blastomycosis of the psoas muscles(2021) IDCases, 24, art. no. e01156.
55. Orlandi, V.T., Martegani, E., Giaroni, C., Baj, A., Bolognese, F. Bacterial pigments: A colorful palette reservoir for biotechnological applications (2021) Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry.
56. Novazzi, F., Genoni, A., Spezia, P.G., Focosi, D., Zago, C., Colombo, A., Cassani, G., Pasciuta, R., Tamborini, A., Rossi, A., Prestia, M., Capuano, R., Gasperina, D.D., Dentali, F., Severgnini, P., Ageno, W., Gambarini, C., Stefanelli, P., Baj, A., Maggi, F.(2021) Emerging Microbes and Infections, 10 (1), pp. 710-712.
57. Bistoletti M, Bosi A, Banfi D, Giaroni C, Baj A The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Focus on the fundamental communication pathways. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 2020.
58. Azzi, L.; Carcano, G.; Dalla Gasperina, D.; Sessa, F.; Maurino, V.; Baj, A. Two cases of COVID-19 with positive salivary and negative pharyngeal or respiratory swabs at hospital discharge: a rising concern (2020). Oral Diseases - ISSN:1354-523X
59. Solari, E.; Marcozzi, C.; Bistoletti, M.; Baj, A.; Giaroni, C.; Negrini D., Moriondo A. TRPV4 channels dominant role in the temperature modulation of intrinsic contractility and lymph flow of rat diaphragmatic lymphatics (2020). American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology. 319 (2): 507-518.
60. Bistoletti, M; Bosi, A; Caon, I; Chiaravalli, Am; Moretto, P; Genoni, A; Moro, E; Karousou, E; Viola, M.; Baj, A.; Passi, A.; Vigetti, D.; Giaroni, C. Involvement of hyaluronan in the adaptive changes of the rat small intestine neuromuscular function after ischemia/reperfusion injury (2020). Scientific reports. 10(1-17).
61. Baj A, Azzi L, Dalla Gasperina D, Genoni A, Tamborini A, Gambarini C, Carcano G, Grossi P, Sessa F. Pilot Study: Long-Term Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in Urine: A Threat for Dispersal in Wastewater. Front Public Health. 2020 Nov 23;8:569209.
62. Azzi, L.; Carcano, G.; Gianfagna, F.; Grossi P., Dalla Gasperina, D. Genoni, AP.; Fasano, M.; Sessa, F.; Tettamanti, L.; Maurino, V.; Tagliabue, A.; Baj, A. Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 (2020). Journal of Infection, 81(1): E45-E50.
63. Bistoletti, M; Micheloni, G; Baranzini, N; Bosi, A; Conti, A; Filpa, V; Pirrone, C; Millefanti, G; Grimaldi, A.; Valli, R.; Baj, A.; Giaroni, C.; Porta, G. Homeoprotein OTX1 and OTX2 involvement in rat myenteric neuron adaptation after DNBS-induced colitis (2020). PeerJ, 8(2-27).
64. Orlandi, V. T.; Martegani, E.; Bolognese, F.; Trivellin, N.; Matatkova, O.; Paldrychova, M.; Baj, A.; Caruso, E. Photodynamic therapy by diaryl-porphyrins to control the growth of Candida albicans (2020). Cosmetics, 7(2):1-17.
65. Azzi, L.; Baj, A.; Alberio, T.; Lualdi, M.; Veronesi, G.; Carcano, G.; Ageno, W.; Di Saverio, S.; Dalla Gasperina, D.; Genoni, AP.; Donati, S.; Azzolini, C.; Grandi, AM.; Dentali, F.; Sessa, F.; Maurino, V.; Tettamanti, L.; Vigezzi, A.; Monti, E.; Iori, V.; Iovino, D.; Ietto, G.; Grossi, PA.; Tagliabue, A.; Fasano, M. Rapid salivary test suitable for a mass screening program to detect SARS-CoV-2: a diagnostic accuracy study (2020). Journal of Infection 81(3): E75-E78.
66. Bosi, A.; Banfi, D.; Bistoletti, M.; Giaroni, C.; Baj, A. Tryptophan metabolites along the microbiota-gut-brain axis: an interkingdom communication system influencing the gut in health and disease (2020). International Journal of Tryptophan Research, 13(1).
67. Baj, A.; Bistoletti, M.; Bosi, A.; Moro, E.; Giaroni, C.; Crema, F. Marine Toxins and Nociception: Potential Therapeutic Use in the Treatment of Visceral Pain Associated with Gastrointestinal Disorders (2019). Toxins, 11 (8): 449-486.
68. Bistoletti, M; Caputi, V; Baranzini, N; Marchesi, N; Filpa, V; Marsilio, I; Cerantola, S; Terova, G; Baj, A.; Grimaldi, A.; Pascale, A.; Frigo, G.; Crema F.; Giron, Mc.; Giaroni, C. Antibiotic treatment-induced dysbiosis differently affects BDNF and TrkB expression in the brain and in the gut of juvenile mice (2019). PLOS ONE, 14 (2): 1-20.
69. Dalla Gasperina, D.; Lombardi, D.; Rovelli, C.; Di Rosa, Z.; Lepera, V.; Baj, A.; Nava, A.; Lombardi, G.; Grossi, PA. Successful treatment with isavuconazole of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in a kidney transplant recipient (2019). Transplant Infectious Disease, 21(6): e13197.
70. Baj, A.; Moro, E.; Bistoletti, M.; Orlandi, V.; Crema, F.; Giaroni, C. Glutamatergic signaling along the microbiota-gut-brain axis (2019). International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 20(6): 1-37.
71. Filpa, V., Bistoletti, M., Caon, I., Moro, E., Grimaldi, A., Moretto, P., Baj, A., Giron, M.C., Karousou, E., Viola, M., Crema, F., Frigo, G., Passi, A., Giaroni, C., Vigetti, D. Changes in hyaluronan deposition in the rat myenteric plexus after experimentally-induced colitis (2017) Scientific Reports, 7 (1)
72. Baj, A., Colombo, M., Headley, J.L., McFarlane, J.R., Liethof, M.-A., Toniolo, A. Post-poliomyelitis syndrome as a possible viral disease (2015) International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 35, pp. e107-e116.
73. Vulcano, E., Murena, L., Falvo, D.A., Baj, A., Toniolo, A., Cherubino, P. Bone marrow aspirate and bone allograft to treat acetabular bone defects in revision total hip arthroplasty: Preliminary report (2013) European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 17 (16), pp. 2240-2249.
74. Salvatoni, A., Baj, A., Bianchi, G., Federico, G., Colombo, M., Toniolo, A. Intrafamilial spread of enterovirus infections at the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes (2013) Pediatric Diabetes, 14 (6), pp. 407-416.
75. Toniolo, A., Salvatoni, A., Federico, G., MacCari, G., Diáz-Horta, O., Baj, A. Enteroviruses in blood(2013) Diabetes and Viruses, pp. 143-155.
76. Colombo, A., Maccari, G., Congiu, T., Basso, P., Baj, A., Toniolo, A. Colonization of a central venous catheter by the hyaline fungus Fusarium solani species complex: A case report and SEM imaging (2013) Case Reports in Medicine, 2013.
77. Vulcano, E., Murena, L., Cherubino, P., Falvo, D.A., Rossi, A., Baj, A., Toniolo, A. Treatment of severe post-traumatic bone defects with autologous stem cells loaded on allogeneic scaffolds (2012) Surgical technology international, 22, pp. 291-301.
78. Diaz-Horta, O., Baj, A., Maccari, G., Salvatoni, A., Toniolo, A. Enteroviruses and causality of type 1 diabetes: How close are we? (2012) Pediatric Diabetes, 13 (1), pp. 92-99.
79. Toniolo, A., Baj, A. Evidence for enterovirus infection in the blood of children with type 1 diabetes (2009) Journal of Medical Virology, 81 (1), p. 201.
80. Ferrari, S., Toniolo, A., Monaco, S., Luciani, F., Cainelli, F., Baj, A., Temesgen, Z., Vento, S. Viral encephalitis: Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management (2009) Open Infectious Diseases Journal, 3 (1), pp. 1-12.
81. Hosokawa, T., Tsuchiya, K., Sato, I., Takeyama, N., Ueda, S., Tagawa, Y., Kimura, K.M., Nakamura, I., Wu, G., Sakudo, A., Casalone, C., Mazza, M., Caramelli, M., Takahashi, H., Sata, T., Sugiura, K., Baj, A., Toniolo, A., Onodera, T. A monoclonal antibody (1D12) defines novel distribution patterns of prion protein (PrP) as granules in nucleus (2008) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 366 (3), pp. 657-663.
82. Hosokawa, T., Ono, F., Tsuchiya, K., Sato, I., Takeyama, N., Ueda, S., Zanusso, G., Takahashi, H., Sata, T., Sakudo, A., Suguira, K., Baj, A., Toniolo, A., Yoshikawa, Y., Onodera, T. Distinct immunohistochemical localization in Kuru plaques using novel anti-prion protein antibodies (2008) Microbiology and Immunology, 52 (1), pp. 25-29.
83. Fiorini, M., Zanusso, G., Baj, A., Bertolasi, L., Toniolo, A., Monaco, S. Post-polio syndrome: Clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid markers (2007) Future Neurology, 2 (4), pp. 451-463.
84. Baj, A., Monaco, S., Zanusso, G., Dall'Ora, E., Bertolasi, L., Toniolo, A. Virology of the post-polio syndrome (2007) Future Virology, 2 (2), pp. 183-192.
85. Baj, A., Bettaccini, A., Nishimura, T., Onodera, T., Toniolo, A. Poliovirus type 1 infection of murine PRNP-knockout neuronal cells (2005) Journal of Neurovirology, 11 (3), pp. 237-246.
86. Baj, A., Bettaccini, A.A., Casalone, R., Sala, A., Cherubino, P., Toniolo, A.Q. Culture of skeletal myoblasts from human donors aged over 40 years: Dynamics of cell growth and expression of differentiation markers (2005) Journal of Translational Medicine
87. Bettaccini, A.A., Baj, A., Accolla, R.S., Basolo, F., Toniolo, A.Q. Proliferative activity of extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein in human epithelial cells: Expression profile of pathogenetically relevant genes (2005) BMC Microbiology, 5, art. no. 20.
88. Conaldi, P.G., Bottelli, A., Baj, A., Serra, C., Fiore, L., Federico, G., Bussolati, B., Camussi, G. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat induces hyperproliferation and dysregulation of renal glomerular epithelial cells (2002) American Journal of Pathology, 161 (1), pp. 53-61.
89. Conaldi, P.G., Bottelli, A., Wade-Evans, A., Biancone, L., Baj, A., Cantaluppi, V., Serra, C., Dolei, A., Toniolo, A., Camussi, G. HIV-persistent infection and cytokine induction in mesangial cells: A potential mechanism for HIV-associated glomerulosclerosis (2000) AIDS, 14 (13), pp. 2045-2047.

BOOK CHAPTERS
Baj A, Pini B, Violoni L, Toniolo A. Classificazione dei batteri. In: Microbiologia Medica, Antonelli G, Clementi M, Pozzi G, Rossolini G. Ed. Ambrosiana, Milano, 2008.
Baj A, Maccari G, Toniolo A. Detection of persistent polioviruses in patients with the post-polio syndrome. In: A. Mendez-Vilas (Ed.). Trends in Applied Microbiology, 2: 859-867.
Bistoletti M, Bosi A, Banfi D, Giaroni C, Baj A The microbiota-gut-brain axis: Focus on the fundamental communication pathways. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 2020.