Innovative multi analytical Characterisation of the influence of pAtina-coating inteRaction on anti-corrosive propErties

The InCARE project addresses the complex challenge of protecting outdoor bronze artworks, which are continuously exposed to natural and anthropogenic degradation. Its goal was to develop a reproducible, multi‑analytical and chemometric methodology to evaluate how patina, protective coatings and environmental conditions interact, ultimately guiding the formulation of more effective and sustainable treatments. The project aimed to design innovative acrylic coatings with improved inhibitor permanence, photostability and durability, while also establishing a standardised protocol for characterising patinated bronze surfaces before and after treatment. Expected outcomes included the identification of high‑performance formulations, a robust analytical workflow, and a deeper understanding of ageing mechanisms under real environmental exposure.
These objectives were fully achieved. The team developed an innovative, non‑hazardous coating with enhanced stability and long‑term inhibitor retention, supported by a green nanocontainer system based on methyl‑β‑cyclodextrin. A comprehensive multi‑analytical dataset was produced, enabling chemometric models that clearly described degradation pathways and treatment effectiveness. The project delivered a non‑invasive measurement protocol, an image‑based method for surface roughness estimation, and practical guidelines for conservation practice. Results were disseminated through publications, conferences and a thematic school, strengthening knowledge transfer to both experts and practitioners.