ID:
SCV0817
Durata (ore):
52
CFU:
6
Anno:
2024
Dati Generali
Periodo di attività
Primo Semestre (23/09/2024 - 17/01/2025)
Syllabus
Obiettivi Formativi
Specific knowledge: Improve the knowledge on basic homeostatic and pathologic processes by taking advantage of the progress on Molecular Physiology and Molecular Pathology research. The purpose is to provide the students updated information on the function of molecules, cells and tissues, which is the prerequisite for understanding the mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis, and whose alterations, both at cellular and molecular levels, contributes to the development of diseases.
For the Physiology section, particular attention will be dedicated to the nervous system, in particular to the behavior of the cell membrane and its protein, the role of specific ions in cell function, cell transport systems, cell communication, receptors and signaling. Specific cell types (i.e. neuron and glia cells) are used as examples to describe complex molecular processes which are the base of cell homeostasis. The course will provide a comprehensive presentation of the various cellular and electrophysiological methods used to study cellular communication between neurons.
For the pathology section, particular attention will be dedicated to the molecular and cellular process in cancer and tumor immunology. To this end the contribution of soluble and structural components, tumor cells, stromal cells, and immune cells, as mediators of cancer onset and progression, will be dissected.
For the Physiology section, particular attention will be dedicated to the nervous system, in particular to the behavior of the cell membrane and its protein, the role of specific ions in cell function, cell transport systems, cell communication, receptors and signaling. Specific cell types (i.e. neuron and glia cells) are used as examples to describe complex molecular processes which are the base of cell homeostasis. The course will provide a comprehensive presentation of the various cellular and electrophysiological methods used to study cellular communication between neurons.
For the pathology section, particular attention will be dedicated to the molecular and cellular process in cancer and tumor immunology. To this end the contribution of soluble and structural components, tumor cells, stromal cells, and immune cells, as mediators of cancer onset and progression, will be dissected.
Prerequisiti
Students are required to have previous knowledge on cell, tissue and organ physiology, biochemistry, physics, and organic chemistry, molecular biology. Concerning the section of Pathology, a strong background in immunology is required. By the end of the lessons, students will be able to use basic concepts of Molecular Physiology and Molecular Pathology in the context of biotechnologies.
Metodi didattici
Front lessons with ppt files and slides projection, seminars, and videos. Throughout the teaching timing, appropriate scientific papers are provided to the students.
Verifica Apprendimento
The Physiology exam consists of an oral Journal Club presentation based on an original research paper on a neurodegenerative disease involving a receptor or channel and the investigation technique described during the course.
The final exam assessment will be structured as follows: 60% will be based on the Journal Club presentation, where you will be evaluated on your ability to critically present and discuss a scientific paper, demonstrating understanding the topics included in the program and presentation skills. 20% will consist of questions on the course content, testing your knowledge and retention of key concepts covered throughout the course. The remaining 20% will be based on your final laboratory report, assessing your ability to conduct experiments, analyze data, and report findings clearly and accurately. Each component is essential to showcase your comprehensive understanding and application of the course material in both theoretical and practical contexts. Ability to integrate the different knowledge acquired and contents will be considered to get higher marks (29-30 and honors).
For the pathology section, the student pass an oral exam that concerns questions related to the theoretical and technical aspects discussed during the lessons. The final evaluation will consider the knowledge acquired and understanding (40%), the application of the knowledge acquired, by discussing the specific topic and providing related examples/applications (40%), communication skills (20%).
Precision in terminology and content correctness are required to pass the exam.
Ability to integrate the different knowledge acquired and contents will be considered to get higher marks (29-30 and honors).
The final exam assessment will be structured as follows: 60% will be based on the Journal Club presentation, where you will be evaluated on your ability to critically present and discuss a scientific paper, demonstrating understanding the topics included in the program and presentation skills. 20% will consist of questions on the course content, testing your knowledge and retention of key concepts covered throughout the course. The remaining 20% will be based on your final laboratory report, assessing your ability to conduct experiments, analyze data, and report findings clearly and accurately. Each component is essential to showcase your comprehensive understanding and application of the course material in both theoretical and practical contexts. Ability to integrate the different knowledge acquired and contents will be considered to get higher marks (29-30 and honors).
For the pathology section, the student pass an oral exam that concerns questions related to the theoretical and technical aspects discussed during the lessons. The final evaluation will consider the knowledge acquired and understanding (40%), the application of the knowledge acquired, by discussing the specific topic and providing related examples/applications (40%), communication skills (20%).
Precision in terminology and content correctness are required to pass the exam.
Ability to integrate the different knowledge acquired and contents will be considered to get higher marks (29-30 and honors).
Contenuti
1)Contents section of Physiology
Cell physiology-Cell homeostasis: Sodium, Calcium, Chloride, Volume, Osmolarity, Excitation -Inhibition balance
Cell membrane physiology:
Neuron-Glia
-Principles of cell communications
-Basic electrical properties
-Neurotransmitter
Receptors
-Metabotropic
-Ionotropic
Ion channels
-Chloride channels, Sodium channels, Potassium channels.
-Ligand activated channels,
-Voltage activated channels,
-Calcium activated channels,
-cAMP activated channels,
-TRP Channels
Calcium and the cell:
-Calcium-binding proteins
-Calcium pumps and exchangers
-Calcium receptors
-Calcium transients
-Stimulus-secretion coupling
Solute Carriers and neurotransmitter transporters
Molecular events at the synapse
Techniques for functional investigations of membrane protein and the synaptic events:
-Neuronal cell cultures methods.
-Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model to study neuronal circuits.
-Two-electrodes voltage clamp, Patch clamp, Multi Electrode Array, in vivo electrophysiology, optogenetics, voltage clamp fluorimetry.
-calcium imaging.
Laboratory activities will be aimed at presenting the main techniques covered in the course.
2) Contents section of Pathology
Overview on general pathology and immunology: cell adaptation to damages, acute and chronic inflammation, tumor biology.
Molecular pathways in oncology. Overview of the most relevant signaling pathways involved in tumor onset and progression from tumor intrinsic and tumor extrinsic viewpoints.
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs): classification, differences with normal fibroblasts (NFs). CAF phenotypes. CAFs in tumor progression, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and tumor metabolism. Experimental procedures to study CAFs. Therapies targeting CAFs.
Cancer Stem Cells: classification, relevance in tumor biology and anti-tumor therapy. Circulating tumor cells. CSCs and metastasis. Experimental procedures to study CSCs. Therapies targeting CSCs.
Tumor spheroids and organoids in pathophysiology: generation of tumor spheroids and related biomedical applications; generation of tumor organoids and biomedical applications.
Extracellular Vehicles (EVs), definition, classification, cargos, pathophysiological role of EVs. EVs in cancer biology and tumor immunology. Experimental procedures to study EVs.
Animal models in oncology: definition of animal model and relevant features, zebrafish, murine models of chemically induced carcinogenesis, orthotopic cancer murine models, genetically engineered mouse models (GEM) in oncology (selected examples), humanized mouse models.
Cancer immunotherapy. General concepts for active and passive immunization. Immune checkpoints. Strategy in cancer immunotherapy: bacterial products, immune-cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, adoptive cell transfer with T or NK cells. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). CAR-T and CAR-NK cells. Combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis. Side effect of immunotherapy: specific organ-toxicities. And Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS).
Advanced flow cytometry and cell sorting. Basic of flow cytometry: fluorescence, monoclonal antibody, antigen density, determination of the stain index. Components of a flow cytometer and cell sorter: flow chamber, optics and filters, signals. Flow panel design and compensation. Specific application and examples of flow cytometry: apoptosis, cell cycle, oxidative stress, intracellular and intranuclear factors, immunophenotyping.
lab activities (will be performed in an entire signe day): Immunophenotyping by multicolour flow cytometry: panel design, isolation of PBMCs from whole blood, antibody staining, FACS acquisition and flow data analysis.
Cell physiology-Cell homeostasis: Sodium, Calcium, Chloride, Volume, Osmolarity, Excitation -Inhibition balance
Cell membrane physiology:
Neuron-Glia
-Principles of cell communications
-Basic electrical properties
-Neurotransmitter
Receptors
-Metabotropic
-Ionotropic
Ion channels
-Chloride channels, Sodium channels, Potassium channels.
-Ligand activated channels,
-Voltage activated channels,
-Calcium activated channels,
-cAMP activated channels,
-TRP Channels
Calcium and the cell:
-Calcium-binding proteins
-Calcium pumps and exchangers
-Calcium receptors
-Calcium transients
-Stimulus-secretion coupling
Solute Carriers and neurotransmitter transporters
Molecular events at the synapse
Techniques for functional investigations of membrane protein and the synaptic events:
-Neuronal cell cultures methods.
-Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model to study neuronal circuits.
-Two-electrodes voltage clamp, Patch clamp, Multi Electrode Array, in vivo electrophysiology, optogenetics, voltage clamp fluorimetry.
-calcium imaging.
Laboratory activities will be aimed at presenting the main techniques covered in the course.
2) Contents section of Pathology
Overview on general pathology and immunology: cell adaptation to damages, acute and chronic inflammation, tumor biology.
Molecular pathways in oncology. Overview of the most relevant signaling pathways involved in tumor onset and progression from tumor intrinsic and tumor extrinsic viewpoints.
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs): classification, differences with normal fibroblasts (NFs). CAF phenotypes. CAFs in tumor progression, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and tumor metabolism. Experimental procedures to study CAFs. Therapies targeting CAFs.
Cancer Stem Cells: classification, relevance in tumor biology and anti-tumor therapy. Circulating tumor cells. CSCs and metastasis. Experimental procedures to study CSCs. Therapies targeting CSCs.
Tumor spheroids and organoids in pathophysiology: generation of tumor spheroids and related biomedical applications; generation of tumor organoids and biomedical applications.
Extracellular Vehicles (EVs), definition, classification, cargos, pathophysiological role of EVs. EVs in cancer biology and tumor immunology. Experimental procedures to study EVs.
Animal models in oncology: definition of animal model and relevant features, zebrafish, murine models of chemically induced carcinogenesis, orthotopic cancer murine models, genetically engineered mouse models (GEM) in oncology (selected examples), humanized mouse models.
Cancer immunotherapy. General concepts for active and passive immunization. Immune checkpoints. Strategy in cancer immunotherapy: bacterial products, immune-cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, adoptive cell transfer with T or NK cells. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). CAR-T and CAR-NK cells. Combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis. Side effect of immunotherapy: specific organ-toxicities. And Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS).
Advanced flow cytometry and cell sorting. Basic of flow cytometry: fluorescence, monoclonal antibody, antigen density, determination of the stain index. Components of a flow cytometer and cell sorter: flow chamber, optics and filters, signals. Flow panel design and compensation. Specific application and examples of flow cytometry: apoptosis, cell cycle, oxidative stress, intracellular and intranuclear factors, immunophenotyping.
lab activities (will be performed in an entire signe day): Immunophenotyping by multicolour flow cytometry: panel design, isolation of PBMCs from whole blood, antibody staining, FACS acquisition and flow data analysis.
Lingua Insegnamento
INGLESE
Corsi
Corsi
Biotechnology for the Bio-based and Health Industry
Laurea Magistrale
2 anni
No Results Found
Persone
Persone
Ricercatori a tempo determinato
No Results Found