Mitochondrial Proteins in the Development of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder whose etiology is not completely understood. Strong evidences suggest that mitochondrial impairment and altered mitochondrial disposal play a key role in the development of this pathology. Here we show this association in both genetic and sporadic forms of the disease. Moreover, we describe the mitochondrial dysfunctions in toxin-induced models of PD, thus highlighting the importance of environmental factors in the onset of this pathology. In particular, we focus our attention on mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy and explain how their impairment could have a negative impact on dopaminergic neurons function and survival. Lastly, we aim at clarifying the important role played by proteomics in this field of research, proteomics being a global and unbiased approach suitable to unravel alterations of the molecular pathways in multifactorial diseases.